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Overview With the introduction of the DS3231 ultra-high-precision, I²C * compatible integrated RTC / TCXO / crystal oscillator, Dallas Semiconductor has once again set a record for the accuracy of single-chip real-time clocks. The DS3231 provides an accuracy of ± 3.5ppm over the entire industrial temperature range (-40 ° C to + 85 ° C). The device measures the temperature every 64 seconds (64s). By adjusting the load capacitance of the crystal, it can achieve the accuracy of 0ppm at the specified temperature, and finally achieve the purpose of improving the clock accuracy. The current loss periodically measures the temperature so that the current loss of the device increases in a short time (200 ms in the worst case). Figure 1 shows the current consumption of the DS3231 in the worst case. The calculation assumes that the battery voltage is 3.63V and the I²C compatible interface does not work. 
Figure 1. DS3231's worst-case current consumption
The maximum average current is determined by the following formula: 
The maximum average current provided by the DS3231 data sheet is 3.0µA. This result shows that the total current consumption of the device has been increased by 250% due to temperature detection! This current increase is difficult to accept for applications that require extended backup power (such as lithium batteries or super capacitors). Reduce current consumption DS3232 / DS3234 provides a field in the user programmable register, allowing users to extend the temperature update time, thereby reducing the average current consumption. Both devices provide the C_Rate bit in the control / status register to set four different temperature update cycles. The register definition is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Control / status register bit configuration Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 OSF BB32KHZ C_Rate1 C_Rate0 EN32kHz BSY A2F A1F
Table 2 lists the corresponding values ​​of the DS3232 / DS3234 temperature update cycle and the worst-case current consumption. The calculation assumes that the battery voltage is 3.63V and the I²C compatible interface does not work. The C_Rate bit defaults to 0 at power-up, which corresponds to a temperature update cycle of 64s.
Table 2. Corresponding values ​​of temperature update period and worst-case current consumption C_Rate [1: 0] Temperature Update TIme (s) DS3232 / DS3234
Average Current (µA) 00 64 2.50 01 128 1.56 10 256 1.10 11 512 0.86
By setting, the service life of the backup battery can be extended by 65%. Accuracy In an environment where the temperature changes rapidly, extending the temperature update period will reduce the clock accuracy, but it has little effect on the clock accuracy for a working environment where the temperature is stable or the temperature change is slow. Temperature control DS3234 adds a temperature control register, which can prohibit temperature update when the device is powered by a backup power supply. The BB_TD bit in the register controls the prohibition of temperature measurement. The default value when this bit is powered on is 0, and the temperature update function is valid. The register definition is shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Temperature control register bit configuration Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BB_TD
When this bit is enabled, the current consumption of the backup power supply will be reduced, but since there is no temperature update, the clock accuracy will be reduced. Conclusion The DS3231 / DS3232 / DS3234 integrated RTC / TCXO / crystal introduced by Dallas Semiconductor can greatly reduce current consumption while maintaining high clock accuracy by setting the temperature update period.
High-precision real-time clock power supply considerations
Abstract: DS3231 / DS3232 can greatly reduce the current consumption of the device while maintaining a high clock accuracy by setting the temperature update period.